非谓语动词 + 情态动词学习笔记 |
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词作补语
实意动词的通常情况: 后加to do. 比如说: want sb to do sth; promise sb to do sth; etc.
实意动词特殊情况
congratulate sb on sth / for doing sth;
suggest sb (should) do sth(虚拟语态); insist that sb (should) do(同是虚拟语态);
inform sb of sth / doing sth;
prevent sb from doing sth / sth from being done.
appreciate sb doing sth
感官动词: see sb do(全过程) / doing(正在做) / done(被动); see sth done.
使役动词: 后加sb do / doing. 具体来说就是: make / let / have sb do / doing sth; 注意固定搭配: get sb to do / doing sth
其它特殊情况: leave sb doing / sth done / sb to do / sth to be done; keep / find sb doing / sth done.
非谓语动词作宾语
多数情况: 后接doing.
部分情况: 后接to do. 具体来说, 需要记忆的有:
afford to do; happen to do; threaten to do;
设法manage to do + 假装pretend to do;
3 \(\times\) 决定: choose, decide, determine;
4 \(\times\) 要求: ask, demand, request, require;
4 \(\times\) 期望: expect, hope, want, intend.
既可后接to do, 又可后接doing的动词:
forget to do / doing: 一个是忘记去做, 一个是忘记做了. 类似的还有remember to do / doing; regret to do / regret doing.
go on to do / go on doing: 前者是停下手中的事, 去做这件事; 后者是继续当前的一件事. 类似的还有stop to do / doing.
try to do / doing: 前者是努力去做, 后者是打算去做.
mean to do / doing: 前者是打算去做, 后者的意思是"意味着".
主动表被动: need repairing = need to be repaired. 同类动词还有require和want.
总结: 实际判断时, 先考虑是否存在主动表被动, 再考虑to do和doing是否均可, 最后才想选to do还是doing. 非谓语动词作主语和表语to do和doing在大多数情况下可以互换. 注意: worth是一种比较特殊的情况: The book is well worth reading = The book is worthy to be read. no / of little use / good + doing是固定搭配. 非谓语动词作状语 普通结构要求: 非谓语动词的主语与主句的主语一致. 形式 主被动 时间 doing 主动 同时发生或不作强调 having done 主动 先发生 being done 被动 同时发生 having been done 被动 先发生 done 被动 先发生或不作强调我们注意到非谓语动词作状语时无将来时态. 独立主格结构特征: 独立于主句存在; 有独立主语 与主句间有逗号隔开.用法: 名词 / 代词 + done / doing; with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语; with + 名词 / 代词 + to do / doing / done.一些例子: Fireworks show finished, I had a big meal together with my friends. Wheather permitting, there would be a parade in the city. With a lot of work to do, I would not attend the parade. 非谓语动词作前置定语类似于以下这些: developing / developed country; exciting / excited voice; confusing / confused expression falling / fallen leaves sleeping bag; washing machine; moving car; running man; etc. 非谓语动词作后置定语 形式 主被动 时间 done 被动 先发生或不作强调 doing 主动 同时发生或不作强调 being done 被动 同时发生 to do 主动 将来发生 to be done 被动 将来发生注意到非谓语动词作定语时无主动 + 先发生的表达. 情态动词留个大坑(好像也不是那么大), 有兴趣再填吧. |
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